Safety System and Method for Pump and Motor

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the invention provide a variable frequency drive system and a method of controlling a pump driven by a motor with the pump in fluid communication with a fluid system. The drive system and method can provide one or more of the following: a sleep mode, pipe break detection, a line fill mode, an automatic start mode, dry run protection, an electromagnetic interference filter compatible with a ground fault circuit interrupter, two-wire and three-wire and three-phase motor compatibility, a simple start-up process, automatic password protection, a pump out mode, digital input/output terminals, and removable input and output power terminal blocks.

BACKGROUND

Submersible well pumps are connected to above-ground drive systems thatcontrol the operation of the pump. Some conventional pump controllersinclude only start capacitors and relays to turn the pump on and offbased on system pressure. These pump controllers have limitedcapabilities with respect to pump control, safety, and customization.Variable frequency drives (VFDs) have also been used to controlsubmersible well pumps but with limited capabilities regardinguser-friendly control and customization. Conventional drives have alsogenerally been designed for use with particular types of motors andoften cannot be used to retrofit motors that are already installed inthe well, especially two-wire, single-phase motors.

SUMMARY

Some embodiments of the invention can provide a method including sensinga current between the drive, the motor, and a ground and determiningwhether there has been a loss of current indicating a ground fault. Themethod can include simultaneously operating an electromagneticinterference filter while sensing the current and removing power fromthe drive and the motor substantially immediately when there has been aloss of current.

Some embodiments provide a method including connecting the drive to apreviously-installed motor in order to retrofit the motor anddetermining whether the motor is a two-wire, single-phase motor or athree-wire, single-phase motor. The method can also include connectingthe drive to the three-wire, single-phase motor and generating with thedrive a first waveform and a second waveform. The second waveform canhave a phase angle of about 90 degrees offset from the first waveform inorder to control the three-wire, single-phase motor.

In some embodiments, a method of installing a drive including a controlpad is provided. The method can include entering a service factorcurrent value using the control pad and selecting a two-wire,single-phase motor; a three-wire, single-phase motor; or a three-phasemotor. The method can also include entering a current time using thecontrol pad, entering a current date using the control pad, and engaginga pump-out button or an automatic start button on the control pad.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a variable frequency drive according toone embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the variable frequency drive of FIG. 1with a cover removed.

FIG. 3 is an interior view of the variable frequency drive of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a front view of a control pad of the variable frequency driveof FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the variable frequency drive of FIG. 1installed in a fluid system.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the variable frequency drive ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a pump out operation.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an automatic line fill operation.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a manual line fill operation.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating a stop operation.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating a proportional/integral/derivative(PID) mode control operation.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating a sleep mode operation.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating an alternate sleep mode operation.

FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating a digital input control operation.

FIG. 15 is a flow chart illustrating a relay output control operation.

FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating a main menu.

FIG. 17 is a flow chart illustrating a settings menu.

FIG. 18 is a flow chart illustrating a time parameter menu.

FIG. 19 is a flow chart illustrating a PID control parameter menu.

FIG. 20 is a flow chart illustrating a sleep parameter menu.

FIG. 21 is a flow chart illustrating a password parameter menu.

FIG. 22 is a flow chart illustrating an external set point parametermenu.

FIG. 23 is a flow chart illustrating a motor parameter menu.

FIG. 24 is a flow chart illustrating a sensor parameter menu.

FIG. 25 is a flow chart illustrating a pipe break parameter menu.

FIG. 26 is a flow chart illustrating a dry run parameter menu.

FIG. 27 is a flow chart illustrating an input/output parameter menu.

FIG. 28 is a flow chart illustrating a reset parameter menu.

FIG. 29 is a flow chart illustrating a backdoor parameter menu.

FIG. 30 is a flow chart illustrating an overheat prevention operation.

FIG. 31 is a flow chart illustrating an overcurrent preventionoperation.

FIG. 32 is a flow chart illustrating a jam prevention operation.

FIG. 33 is a flow chart illustrating a pipe break prevention operation.

FIG. 34 is a flow chart illustrating a dry run detection operation.

FIG. 35 is a flow chart illustrating a dry run fault operation.

FIG. 36 is a flow chart illustrating a jam fault operation.

FIG. 37 is a flow chart illustrating an overtemperature fault operation.

FIG. 38 is a flow chart illustrating an overcurrent fault operation.

FIG. 39 is a flow chart illustrating an overvoltage fault operation.

FIG. 40 is a flow chart illustrating an internal fault operation.

FIG. 41 is a flow chart illustrating a ground fault operation.

FIG. 42 is a flow chart illustrating an open transducer fault operation.

FIG. 43 is a flow chart illustrating a shorted transducer faultoperation.

FIGS. 44A-44B are flow charts illustrating a multiple faults operation.

FIG. 45 is a flow chart illustrating an undervoltage fault operation.

FIG. 46 is a flow chart illustrating a hardware fault operation.

FIG. 47 is a flow chart illustrating an external fault operation.

FIG. 48 is a flow chart illustrating a pump out button controloperation.

FIG. 49 is a flow chart illustrating a pressure preset button controloperation.

FIG. 50 is a flow chart illustrating a main menu button controloperation.

FIG. 51 is a flow chart illustrating a fault log button controloperation.

FIG. 52 is a flow chart illustrating an enter button control operation.

FIG. 53 is a flow chart illustrating a back button control operation.

FIG. 54 is a flow chart illustrating an up/down button controloperation.

FIG. 55 is a flow chart illustrating a left/right button controloperation.

FIG. 56 is a flow chart illustrating a password button controloperation.

FIG. 57 is a flow chart illustrating a language button controloperation.

FIG. 58 is a flow chart illustrating a status button control operation.

FIG. 59 is a flow chart illustrating a stop button control operation.

FIG. 60 is a flow chart illustrating an automatic start button controloperation.

FIG. 61 is a flow chart illustrating a fault reset button controloperation.

FIGS. 62A-62D are flow charts illustrating LED indicator controloperations.

FIGS. 63A-63D are flow charts illustrating error display controloperations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it isto be understood that the invention is not limited in its application tothe details of construction and the arrangement of components set forthin the following description or illustrated in the following drawings.The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced orof being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood thatthe phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose ofdescription and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of“including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein ismeant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereofas well as additional items. Unless specified or limited otherwise, theterms “mounted,” “connected,” “supported,” and “coupled” and variationsthereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirectmountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further, “connected”and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connectionsor couplings.

The following discussion is presented to enable a person skilled in theart to make and use embodiments of the invention. Various modificationsto the illustrated embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art, and the generic principles herein can be applied to otherembodiments and applications without departing from embodiments of theinvention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not intended to belimited to embodiments shown, but are to be accorded the widest scopeconsistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. Thefollowing detailed description is to be read with reference to thefigures, in which like elements in different figures have like referencenumerals. The figures, which are not necessarily to scale, depictselected embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope ofembodiments of the invention. Skilled artisans will recognize theexamples provided herein have many useful alternatives and fall withinthe scope of embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 1 illustrates a variable frequency drive (VFD, hereinafter “thedrive”) 10 according to one embodiment of the invention. In someembodiments, the drive 10 can be used to control the operation of an ACinduction motor 11 that drives a water pump 12 (as shown in FIG. 5). Thedrive 10 can be used in a residential, commercial, or industrial pumpsystem to maintain a substantially constant pressure. The motor 11 andpump 12 can be a submersible type or an above-ground type. The drive 10can monitor certain operating parameters and control the operation ofthe motor 11 in response to the sensed conditions.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the drive 10 can include an enclosure 13 anda control pad 14. The enclosure 13 can be a NEMA 1 indoor enclosure or aNEMA 3R outdoor enclosure. In one embodiment, the enclosure 13 can havea width of about 9.25 inches, a height of about 17.5 inches, and a depthof about 6.0 inches. The enclosure 13 can include a keyhole mount 16 forfast and easy installation onto a wall, such as a basement wall. Theenclosure 13 can include slots 18 through which air that cools the drive10 can pass out of the enclosure 13. The control pad 14 can bepositioned within the enclosure 13 for access through a rectangularaperture 20.

As shown in FIG. 2, the enclosure 13 can include a removable cover 22with attached side panels. Removing the cover 22 allows access to awiring area 24, which is located adjacent to a bottom panel 25 of theenclosure 13 with several conduit holes 26. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3,the wiring area 24 is free of any electrical components or printedcircuit board material that may impede any wiring. The wiring area 24can provide access to an input power terminal block 28, input/output(I/O) spring terminals 30, and an output power terminal block 32. Eachone of the conduit holes 26 can be aligned with one of the input powerterminal block 28, the I/O spring terminals 30, and the output powerterminal block 32. In addition, in some embodiments, the I/O springterminals 30 can include digital output terminals 30A, digital inputterminals 30B, I/O power supply terminals 30C, and analog inputterminals 30D.

The wiring area 24 can include a wiring space 34 between the bottompanel 25 and the input power terminal block 28, the I/O spring terminals30, and the output power terminal block 32. The wiring space 34 can bebetween about three inches and about six inches in height in order toallow enough room for an installer to access the input power terminalblock 28, the I/O spring terminals 30, and the output power terminalblock 32.

The input power terminal block 28, I/O spring terminals 30, and theoutput power terminal block 32 can be used to control the motor 11 andto provide output information in any number of configurations andapplications. Various types of inputs can be provided to the drive 10 tobe processed and used to control the motor 11. The analog inputterminals 30D can receive analog inputs and the digital input terminals30B can receive digital inputs. For example, any suitable type ofrun/enable switch can be provided as an input to the drive 10 (e.g., viathe digital input terminals 30B). The run/enable switch can be part of alawn irrigation system, a spa pump controller, a pool pump controller, afloat switch, or a clock/timer. In some embodiments, the digital inputterminals 30B can accept a variety of input voltages, such as voltagesranging from about 12 volts to about 240 volts, direct current (DC) oralternating current (AC).

The digital output terminals 30A can connect to digital outputs, such asrelay outputs. Any suitable type of indicator device, status output, orfault alarm output can serve as a digital, or relay, output (e.g., beconnected to the digital output terminals 30A). A status output can beused to control a second pump, for example, to run the second pump whenthe pump 12 is running. A fault alarm output can, for example, place acall using a pre-defined phone number, signal a residential alarmsystem, and/or shut down the pump 12 when a fault is determined. Forexample, when there is a pipe break fault (as described below withreference to FIG. 33), the digital output terminals 30A can energize arelay output, causing the pre-defined phone number to be automaticallydialed. The input power terminal block 28, the I/O spring terminals 30,and the output power terminal block 32 can all be coupled to a drivecircuit board (not shown), for connection to a controller 75 (as shownin FIG. 6) of the drive 10. Further, the input power terminal block 28and/or the output power terminal block 32 can be removable andreplaceable without replacing the drive circuit board or the entiredrive 10.

As shown in FIGS. 1-4, a control pad 14 of the drive 10 can include abacklit liquid crystal display 36 and several control buttons 38. Asshown in FIG. 4, the control buttons 38 can include a pump-out button40, a pressure preset button 42, a main menu button 44, and a fault logbutton 46. The control buttons 38 can also include a keypad lockoutbutton 48 and a language button 50. The control pad 14 can includeseveral directional buttons 52, a back button 54, and an enter button56. The control pad 14 can further include a status button 58, a stopbutton 60, an automatic start button 62, and a fault reset button 64.Finally, the control pad 14 can include light emitting diode (LED)indicators 66, to indicate a status of the drive 10, such as an ON LED68, a Warning LED 70, and a Fault LED 72.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the drive 10 can include an electromagneticinterference (EMI) filter 74. The EMI filter 74 can reduce electricalnoise generated by the motor 11, especially noise that interferes withAM radio stations. The drive 10 can reduce electrical noise whilesimultaneously being compatible with a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter(GFCI). An unintentional electric path between a source of current and agrounded surface is generally referred to as a “ground fault.” Groundfaults occur when current is leaking somewhere, and in effect,electricity is escaping to the ground.

The drive 10 can be compatible with a number of different types ofmotors 11, including, but not limited to, AC induction motors that aretwo-wire permanent split capacitor (PSC) single-phase motors; three-wiresingle-phase motors; or three-phase motors. The drive 10 can beconnected to a previously-installed motor 11 in order to retrofit thecontrols for the motor 11. If the motor is a single-phase motor, theinstaller can use the control pad 14 to select either two-wire orthree-wire. For a three-wire motor 11, the drive 10 can automaticallygenerate a first waveform and a second waveform with the second waveformhaving a phase angle of about 90 degrees offset from the first waveform.In addition, the controller 75 (as shown in FIG. 6) can automaticallyset a minimum and maximum frequency allowance for the motor 11 dependingon the selection.

The drive 10 can be programmed to operate after a simple start-upprocess by a user using the control pad 14. The start-up process can bea five-step process for a single-phase motor 11 and a four-step processfor a three-phase motor 11. The start-up process for a single-phasemotor 11 can include (1) entering a service factor current value, (2)selecting either a two-wire motor or a three-wire motor, (3) entering acurrent time, (4) entering a current date, and (5) engaging the pump-outbutton 40 or the automatic start button 62. The start-up process for athree-phase motor 11 can include (1) entering a service factor currentvalue, (2) entering a current time, (3) entering a current date, and (4)engaging the pump-out button 40 or the automatic start button 62.

The pump-out button 40 can be used to enter the drive 10 in a pump outmode to clean out sand and dirt from a newly-dug well. The pump-outbutton 40 can be engaged once the pump 12 is installed in the new welland once the drive 10 is connected to the motor 11. The pump-out modecan provide an open discharge of sand and dirt from the well, forexample, onto a lawn. In one embodiment, the drive 10 can operate thepump 12 in the pump out mode at about 45 Hertz (Hz). The pump out modeoperation is further described below with respect to FIG. 7, and apump-out button control operation is further described below withrespect to FIG. 48.

The controller 75 can include software executed by a digital signalprocessor (DSP, as shown in FIG. 6) or a microprocessor and can performreal-time control including soft-start, speed regulation, and motorprotection. The drive 10 can be controlled to maintain substantiallyconstant water pressure in a water system that may or may not utilize atank. To achieve this, the controller 75 can implement a classicalProportional/Integral/Derivative (PID) method using pressure error as aninput. Pressure error can be calculated by subtracting an actual waterpressure from the desired water pressure (i.e., a pressure set point).An updated speed control command can then be generated by multiplyingthe pressure error by a proportional gain, multiplying the integral ofthe pressure error by an integral gain, multiplying the derivative ofthe pressure error by a derivative gain, and summing the results. Thus,the controller 75 can increase or decrease the speed of the motor 11 tomaintain a constant pressure set point. The PID mode is furtherdescribed below with respect to FIG. 11.

The controller 75 can determine the actual water pressure value from anelectronic pressure transducer 15 (e.g., in communication with thecontroller 75 via the analog input terminals 30D). In some embodiments,as shown in FIG. 5, the pressure transducer 15 can be located near apressure tank 17 fluidly coupled to the pump 12.

If motor 11 is off (i.e., not being driven), water pressure can still bemonitored, but no actions are taken until the pressure falls below acertain value (e.g., a low band pressure value). If the water pressurefalls below the low band pressure, the controller 75 can restart themotor 11. In some embodiments, the low band pressure can be set, ordefaulted, to 1-10 pounds per square inch (PSI) lower than the pressureset point. Once the motor 11 is restarted, normal operation with PIDcontrol (i.e., PID mode) can commence. In one embodiment, one of twoconditions can trigger the controller 75 to turn the motor 11 off. Afirst condition can be if a sleep mode (described with respect to FIG.12) is triggered. A second condition can be if the pressure exceeds acertain safety value (i.e., about 20 PSI above the pressure set point).Other conditions that can stop the drive 10 are various faults(described further below), the user pressing the stop button 60, andlack of a digital input for an optional run enable mode.

For normal operation, with the motor 11 being driven, the controller 75can regulate pump speed in a continuous fashion using PID control aslong as the pressure remains below the safety pressure value, such asabout 20 PSI above the pressure set point. The drive 10 can stop themotor 11 whenever the actual pressure exceeds the safety pressure value.During normal operation, as long as water usage does not exceed themotor/pump capabilities, the pressure can remain constant atapproximately the pressure set point. Large instantaneous changes inflow requirements can result in variations from the desired pressureband. For example, if flow is stopped, causing the pressure to quicklyincrease, the motor 11 can be stopped (i.e., set to 0 Hz). This can beconsidered an alternate sleep mode operation and is further describedbelow with respect to FIG. 13.

FIGS. 7-15 are flow charts describing pump control according to someembodiments of the invention. The flow chart of FIG. 7 illustrates whenthe controller 75 receives a signal to run the pump in the pump out mode76 (e.g., when the pump-out button 40 is pressed). The controller 75first determines, at step 78, if the pump is already running in pump outmode. If so, the pump is being run at a correct, fixed frequency forpump out mode (step 80). If not, the controller 75, at step 82, ramps upthe input frequency of power to the motor 11 to the correct frequency,then proceeds to step 80.

FIG. 8 illustrates an automatic line fill operation 84, according tosome embodiments. This operation can automatically run at drive start-up(e.g., when the drive 10 is powered up, after a power interruption, whenthe motor 11 is restarted, or when the automatic start button 62 ispressed). Thus, the motor may be off (i.e., at 0 Hz) at the beginning ofthis operation. The controller 75 first can ramp up the frequencydriving the motor from 0 Hz to about 45 Hz in less than a first timeperiod, such as about two seconds (step 86). In a second time period,such as about two minutes, or about five minutes in some embodiments,the controller 75 can start to ramp up the frequency from, for example,about 45 Hz to about 55 Hz (step 88). During the second time period, thecontroller 75 determines the pressure via input from the pressuretransducer 15 (step 90). If the sensed pressure has reached a minimumpressure, or pressure set point (e.g., about 10 PSI), indicating theline has been filled, the fill operation is completed and the controller75 enters PID mode (step 92). However, if the sensed pressure is lessthan 10 PSI at step 90, the controller 75 determines if the second timeperiod (e.g., about two minutes or about five minutes) has passed (step94). If the second period has not passed, the controller 75 reverts backto step 88 and continues to ramp the motor frequency. If the second timeperiod has passed, the controller 75 will hold the frequency at about 55Hz for about one minute (step 96). The controller 75 then determines ifthe sensed pressure is about 10 PSI (step 98). If the sensed pressure isabout 10 PSI, indicating the line has been filled, the fill operation iscompleted and the controller 75 enters PID mode (step 92). However, ifthe sensed pressure is still less than 10 PSI at step 90, the controller75 determines if one minute has passed (step 100). If one minute has notpassed, the controller 75 reverts back to step 96. If one minute haspassed, a dry run fault is recognized and a dry run fault operation isexecuted (step 102) (e.g., the system is stopped).

In one alternative embodiment, step 88 can include setting the frequencyto about 45 Hz for the second time period, and if the sensed pressure isless than 10 PSI after the second time period, repeating step 88 withthe frequency set to about 50 Hz for another second time period. If thesensed pressure is still less than 10 PSI after the second time periodwhile at 50 Hz, step 88 can be repeated with the frequency set to about55 Hz for yet another second time period. If the sensed pressure isstill less than 10 PSI after the second time period while at 55 Hz, thecontroller 75 can continue to step 96.

FIG. 9 illustrates a manual line fill operation 104, according to someembodiments. The motor 11 is run at a manually-controlled frequency(e.g., entered by a user) at step 106. The motor 11 keeps running atthis frequency until the sensed pressure reaches about 10 PSI (step108). Once the sensed pressure has reached about 10 PSI, the controller75 enters PID mode (step 110). In some embodiments, if the controller 75does not enter PID mode within a time period (e.g., fifteen minutes),the drive 10 is stopped.

The manual fill line operation can be considered always enabled becauseit can be executed at any time during the auto line fill operation. Forexample, by using the up and down directional buttons 52 on the controlpad 14, the user can interrupt the automatic line fill operation andadjust the frequency output to the motor 11, thus changing the motorspeed. Once in manual line fill mode, the user can continue to changethe speed as needed at any time. The motor 10 can continue at the newset frequency until the sensed pressure reaches about 10 PSI, and thenit will proceed to PID mode, as described above. The manual fill lineoperation can be beneficial for both vertical or horizontal pipe fillapplications. In addition, both the automatic fill line operation andthe manual fill line operation can prevent common motor issues seen inconventional systems, such as motor overloading and the occurrence ofwater hammering.

FIG. 10 illustrates a stop operation 112, according to some embodiments.The controller 75 determines if the pump is running (step 114). If thepump is not running (e.g., if the drive 10 is in sleep mode or a runenable command is not triggered), the drive 10 is stopped (step 116). Ifthe pump is running, the motor is allowed to coast to a stop (i.e., 0Hz) at step 118, then proceeds to step 116.

FIG. 11 illustrates a PID mode operation 120, according to someembodiments. The controller 75 continuously determines if the pressureis at a programmed set point (step 122). If the pressure is not at theprogrammed set point, PID feedback control is used to ramp the frequencyuntil the pressure reaches the set point (step 124).

FIG. 12 illustrates the controller 75, running in PID mode (at step126), checking if the pump should enter a sleep mode. First, at step128, the controller 75 determines if the frequency of the motor 11 isstable within about +/−3 Hz (e.g., at a steady-state frequency). If not(step 130), a boost delay timer is reset and the controller 75 revertsto step 126. If the frequency of the motor 11 is stable, the boost delaytimer is incremented at step 132. If, at step 134 the boost delay timeris not expired after being incremented, the controller 75 reverts backto step 126. However, if at step 134 the boost delay timer has expired,the controller 75 proceeds to step 136 and the pressure is boosted(e.g., about 3 PSI above the pressure set point) for a short period oftime (e.g., about 15 seconds or about 30 seconds).

Until the short period of time has passed (step 138), the controller 75determines if the pressure stays between the pressure set point (e.g.,about 10 PSI) and the boosted pressure (step 140). If, in that shortperiod of time, the pressure falls outside (i.e., below) the rangebetween the pressure set point and the boosted pressure, the controller75 reverts back to step 126. If, however, the pressure stays between thepressure set point and the boosted pressure, the controller 75 thendecrements the pressure over another short period of time (step 142).Until the short period of time has passed (step 144), the controller 75determines if the pressure stays between the pressure set point (e.g.,the steady-state pressure) and the boosted pressure (step 146). If, inthat short period of time, the pressure falls outside the range betweenthe pressure set point and the boosted pressure, indicating that thereis flow occurring, the controller 75 reverts back to step 126. If,however, the pressure stays between the pressure set point and theboosted pressure, indicating no flow, the controller 75 then determinesif the pressure is above the pressure set point (step 148). If not, thecontroller 75 reverts back to step 126. If the pressure is above thepressure set point, the pump enters the sleep mode causing the motorfrequency to coast down to 0 Hz (step 150) and a “sleep mode active”message to be displayed on the liquid crystal display 36 (step 152).While in sleep mode, at step 154, the controller 75 continuouslydetermines if the pressure stays above a wakeup differential pressure(e.g., about 5 PSI below the pressure set point). If the pressure dropsbelow the wakeup differential pressure, the controller 75 reverts backto step 126.

In some embodiments, the controller 75 will only proceed from step 126to step 128 if the pressure has been stable for at least a minimum timeperiod (e.g., one or two minutes). Also, when the controller 75 cyclesfrom step 128 to step 130 and back to step 126, the controller 75 canwait a time period (e.g., one or two minutes) before again proceeding tostep 128. In some embodiments, the controller 75 can determine if themotor speed is stable at step 128. In addition, the controller 75 canperform some steps of FIGS. 11 and 12 simultaneously.

By using the sleep mode operation, a separate device does not need to bepurchased for the drive 10 (e.g., a flow meter). Further, the sleep modeoperation can self-adjust for changes in pump performance or changes inthe pumping system. For example, well pump systems often have changes inthe depth of the water in the well both due to drawdown as well as dueto time of year or drought conditions. The sleep mode operation can beexecuted independent of such changes. In addition, the sleep modeoperation does not require speed conditions specific to the pump beingused.

FIG. 13 illustrates the controller 75, running in PID mode, checking ifthe pump should enter an alternate sleep mode 156. First, at step 158,the controller 75 determines if pressure is at a preset value above thepressure set point (e.g., 20 PSI above the pressure set point). If not(step 160), a timer is reset and the controller 75 reverts to step 156.If the pressure is 20 PSI above the pressure set point, the timer isincremented at step 162. If, at step 164 the timer is less than a value,such as 0.5 seconds, the controller 75 reverts back to step 156.However, if, at step 164 the timer has exceeded 0.5 seconds, thecontroller 75 proceeds to step 166 and the timer is reset. Thecontroller 75 then sets the motor frequency to 0 Hz (step 168) anddisplays a “sleep mode active” message 170 on the liquid crystal display36. The controller 75 then again increments the timer (step 172) untilthe time reaches another value, such as 1 minute (step 174), and thenproceeds to step 176. At step 176, the controller 75 keeps the motorfrequency at 0 Hz and displays a “sleep mode active” message 178 on theliquid crystal display 36 as long as the pressure is above a wakeupdifferential pressure (step 180). If the pressure drops below the wakeupdifferential pressure (e.g., water is being used), the controller 75reverts back to step 156.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of controller operation using the digitalinput. The controller 75 first recognizes a digital input (step 182). Ifan external input parameter is unused (step 184), the controller 75takes no action whether the input is high or low (steps 186 and 188,respectively). If the external input parameter is set to a run enabledmode (step 190) and the input is high (e.g., indicating allowing thedrive 10 to be run), the controller 75 determines if the drive 10 isrunning (step 192). If the drive 10 is running, the controller 75 cantake no action (step 196) and continue in its current mode of operation.If the drive 10 is not running, the controller 75 can start an auto linefill operation (step 194), as described with reference to FIG. 8 (e.g.,similar to actions taken if the auto start button 62 is pressed). If theexternal input parameter is set to a run enabled mode (step 190) and theinput is low (e.g., indicating to stop the drive 10), the controller 75can check if the drive 10 is stopped (step 198). If the drive 10 is notstopped, the controller 75 can execute a stop operation (step 200), asdescribed with reference to FIG. 10. If the drive 10 is stopped, thecontroller 75 can take no action (step 202). If the external inputparameter is set to an external fault mode (step 204) and the input ishigh (e.g., indicating an external fault), the controller 75 can performan external fault operation (step 206), as described with reference toFIG. 47. If the external input parameter is set to an external faultmode (step 204) and the input is low (e.g., indicating there is noexternal fault), the controller 75 can clear any external faultindications (step 208). If the external input parameter is set to anexternal set point mode (step 210) and the input is high, the controller75 sets the PID set point to “external” (step 212), for example, so thatthe digital input controls the pressure set point for PID pressurecontrol. If the external input parameter is set to an external set pointmode (step 210) and the input is low, the controller 75 sets the PID setpoint to “normal” (step 214), for example, so that the digital input hasno control over the pressure set point for PID pressure control.

FIG. 15 illustrates controller operation of a relay output. When thedrive 10 is powered (step 216), the controller 75 determines if a relayoutput parameter is unused (step 218). If so, the controller 75 turnsthe relay off (step 220). If not, the controller 75 determines if therelay output parameter is set to a run mode (step 222). If the relayoutput parameter is set to a run mode (at step 222), the controller 75determines if the drive 10 is running (step 224). The controller 75 willthen turn the relay off if the drive 10 is not running (step 226) orturn the relay on if the drive 10 is running (step 228). If the relayoutput parameter is not set to a run mode (at step 222), the controller75 determines if the relay output parameter is set to a fault mode (step230). If so, the controller 75 determines, at step 232, if the drive 10is tripped (e.g., a fault has occurred and the drive 10 has beenstopped). The controller 75 will then turn the relay off if the drive 10has not been tripped (step 234) or turn the relay on if the drive 10 hasbeen tripped (step 236). For example, if an alarm is the relay output,the alarm can be activated if the drive 10 has been tripped to indicatethe fault condition to the user.

FIGS. 16-29 are flow charts describing menu operations according to someembodiments of the invention. FIG. 16 illustrates a main menu 238 of thecontroller 75. The main menu 238 can include the following parameters:settings menu 240, motor 242, sensor 244, pipe break 246, dry run 248,I/O (input/output) 250, and reset to defaults 252. The user can view themain menu 238 on the liquid crystal display 36 using the main menubutton 44 on the control pad 14. The user can then toggle up and downthrough the parameters of the main menu 238 using the directionalbuttons 52. The user can select a parameter using the enter button 56.

From the main menu 238, the user can select the settings menu 240. Theuser can toggle up and down through the settings menu 240 to view thefollowing parameters, as shown in FIG. 17: time 254, PID control 256,sleep 258, password 260, and external set point 262.

FIG. 18 illustrates the user's options after selecting the timeparameter 254 from the settings menu 240. The user can toggle up anddown between setting a current hour 264 or a date 266. If the userselects the hour parameter 264, the user can enter a current time 268,and a time value for the controller 75 will be changed according to theuser's input 270. If the user selects the date parameter 266, the usercan enter a current date 272 and a date value for the controller 75 willbe changed according to the user's input 270.

FIG. 19 illustrates the user's options after selecting the PID controlparameter 256 from the settings menu 240. The following parameters canbe chosen after selecting PID control 256: proportional gain 274,integral time 276, derivative time 278, derivative limit 280, andrestore to defaults 282. The user can select any of the parameters274-282 to modify one or more preferences associated with theparameters, and appropriate values for the controller 75 will be changed270.

FIG. 20 illustrates the user's options after selecting the sleepparameter 258 from the settings menu 240. The following parameters canbe chosen after selecting sleep 258: boost differential 284, boost delay286, wakeup differential 288, and restore to defaults 290. The user canselect any of the parameters 284-290 to modify one or more preferencesassociated with the parameters, and appropriate values for thecontroller 75 will be changed 270. The parameters can be set to modifyor adjust the sleep mode operation described with reference to FIG. 12.

FIG. 21 illustrates the user's options after selecting the passwordparameter 260 from the settings menu 240. The following parameters canbe chosen after selecting password 260: password timeout 292 andpassword 294. The user can select any of the parameters 292-294 tomodify one or more preferences associated with the parameters, andappropriate values for the controller 75 will be changed 270. Thepassword timeout parameter 292 can include a timeout period value. Ifthe control pad 14 is not accessed within the set timeout period, thecontroller 75 175 can automatically lock the control pad 14 (i.e., entera password protection mode). To unlock the keys, or leave the passwordprotection mode, the user must enter the password that is set under thepassword parameter 294. This is further described below with referenceto FIG. 56.

FIG. 22 illustrates the user's options after selecting the external setpoint parameter 262 from the settings menu 240. The user can select theexternal set point parameter 296 to modify one or more preferencesassociated with the parameter 296, and appropriate values for thecontroller 75 will be changed 270.

FIG. 23 illustrates the user's options after selecting the motorparameter 242 from the main menu 238. The following parameters can bechosen after selecting motor 242: service factor amps 298, connectiontype 300, minimum frequency 302, maximum frequency 304, and restore todefaults 306. The connection type parameter 300 may only be available ifthe drive 10 is being used to run a single-phase motor. If the drive 10is being used to run a three-phase motor, the connection type parameter300 may not be provided. The user can select any of the parameters298-306 to modify one or more preferences associated with theparameters, and appropriate values for the controller 75 will be changed270.

FIG. 24 illustrates the user's options after selecting the sensorparameter 244 from the main menu 238. The following parameters can bechosen after selecting sensor 244: minimum pressure 308, maximumpressure 310, and restore to defaults 312. The user can select any ofthe parameters 308-312 to modify one or more preferences associated withthe parameters, and appropriate values for the controller 75 will bechanged 270.

FIG. 25 illustrates the user's options after selecting the pipe breakparameter 246 from the main menu 238. The following parameters can bechosen after selecting pipe break 246: enable pipe break detection 314and number of days without sleep 316. The user can select either of theparameters 314-316 to modify one or more preferences associated with theparameters, and appropriate values for the controller 75 will be changed270. In some embodiments, the number of days without sleep parameter 316can include values in the range of about four hours to about fourteendays. The enable pipe break detection parameter 314 can allow the userto enable or disable pipe break detection.

FIG. 26 illustrates the user's options after selecting the dry runparameter 248 from the main menu 238. The following parameters can bechosen after selecting dry run 248: auto reset delay 318, number ofresets 320, and reset window 322. The user can select either of theparameters 318-320 to modify one or more preferences associated with theparameters, and appropriate values for the controller 75 will be changed270. The user can select the reset window parameter 322 to view a value324 indicating a reset window of the controller 75. The reset windowvalue can be based from the values chosen for the auto reset delay 318and the number of resets 320. Thus, the reset window parameter 322 canbe a view-only (i.e., non-adjustable) parameter.

FIG. 27 illustrates the user's options after selecting the I/O parameter250 from the main menu 238. The following parameters can be chosen afterselecting I/O 250: external input 326 and relay output 328. The user canselect either of the parameters 326-328 to modify one or morepreferences associated with the parameters, and appropriate values forthe controller 75 will be changed 270.

FIG. 28 illustrates the user's options after selecting the reset todefaults parameter 252 from the main menu 238. The user can select theparameter 330 to change all values to factory default values 270.

FIG. 29 illustrates a backdoor parameter 332, according to someembodiments. With the backdoor parameter 332, the user can choose aparameter 334 not normally accessible through other menus. The user canselect the parameter 334 to modify one or more preferences associatedwith the parameter, and appropriate values for the controller 75 will bechanged 270. The parameter 334 that the user selects can be from a listof parameters 336. The list of parameters 336 can include one or more ofthe parameters disclosed above as well as other parameters.

FIGS. 30-47 are flow charts describing drive warnings and faultsaccording to some embodiments of the invention. FIG. 30 illustrates anoverheat prevention operation of the controller 75. When the drive 10 isrunning (step 338), the controller 75 first determines, at step 340, ifa power module temperature is greater than a first temperature (e.g.,115 degrees Celsius). If so, an overheat fault operation is executed(step 342). If not, the controller 75 then determines, at step 344, ifthe power module temperature is greater than a second temperature (e.g.,about 113 degrees Celsius). If so, the controller 75, at step 346,decreases the speed of the motor by a first value (e.g., about 12 Hz perminute) and continues to step 348. If not, the controller 75 thendetermines, at step 350, if the power module temperature is greater thana third temperature (e.g., about 110 degrees Celsius). If so, thecontroller 75, at step 352, decreases the speed of the motor by a secondvalue (e.g., about 6 Hz per minute) and continues to step 348. If not,the controller 75 then determines, at step 354, if the power moduletemperature is greater than a fourth temperature (e.g., about 105degrees Celsius). If so, the controller 75, at step 356, decreases thespeed of the motor by a third value (e.g., about 3 Hz per minute) andcontinues to step 348. If not, the controller 75 proceeds to step 348.At step 348, the controller 75 determines if the speed has been reduced(i.e., if the controller 75 performed steps 346, 352, or 356). If so,the controller 75, at step 358, determines if the power moduletemperature is less than a fifth value (e.g., about 95 degrees Celsius).If the power module temperature is less than the fifth value, then thecontroller 75 increases the speed of the motor by a fourth value (e.g.,about 1.5 Hz per minute) until the motor's original speed is reached(step 360) and a warning message “TPM: Speed Reduced” is displayed (step362). If the power module temperature is greater than the fifth value,the controller 75 proceeds straight to step 362. From step 362, thecontroller 75 reverts back to step 338, and repeats the above process.If, at step 348, the controller 75 determines that the speed has notbeen reduced (i.e., the controller 75 did not performed steps 346, 352,or 356), then the “TPM: Speed Reduced” warning message is cleared (step364), the controller 75 reverts back to step 338, and the aboveoperation is repeated. In some embodiments, the power module beingmonitored can be the drive 10 itself or various components of the drive10 (e.g., a heat sink of the controller 75, the motor 11, or the pump12).

FIG. 31 illustrates an overcurrent prevention operation of thecontroller 75. When the drive 10 is running (step 366), the controller75 determines, at step 368, if the drive current is being limited (e.g.,because it is above the reference service factor amps parameter 298 inFIG. 23). If so, a warning message “TPM: Service Amps” is displayed(step 370) and the Warning LED 70 is illuminated (step 372). Thecontroller 75 then reverts back to step 366 where the operation isrepeated. If the drive current is not being limited, the “TPM: ServiceAmps” warning message and the Warning LED 70 are cleared (step 374).

FIG. 32 illustrates a jam prevention operation of the controller 75.When the motor is triggered to start (step 376), the controller 75determines, at step 378, if a startup sequence is completed. If so, atimer and a counter are reset (step 380), any warning messages arecleared (step 382), and the motor is operating (step 384). If thestartup sequence is not completed at step 378, then the controller 75proceeds to step 386 to check if current limitation is active. If not,the timer and the counter can be reset (step 388), and the controller 75can proceed back to step 376. If the controller 75 detects that currentlimitation is active at step 386, then the timer is incremented (step390). If the timer has not reached five seconds, at step 392, thecontroller 75 reverts back to step 376. However, if the timer hasreached five seconds, at step 392, the controller 75 proceeds to step396. The controller 75 sets a jam warning (step 396) and increments thecounter (step 398). If the counter is greater than five, at step 400,the controller 75 executes a jam fault operation (step 402). If thecounter is not greater than five, the controller 75 determines if it iscontrolling a two-wire motor (step 404). If yes, the controller 75pulses the motor about three times (step 406), then proceeds back tostep 376. If the motor is not a two-wire (e.g., if the motor is athree-wire motor), the controller 75 executes a series of threeforward-reverse cycles (step 408), then proceeds back to step 376.

FIG. 33 illustrates a line or pipe break fault operation of thecontroller 75. During PID control (step 410), the controller 75determines if a pipe break parameter (e.g., pipe break detectionparameter 314 from FIG. 25) is enabled (step 412). The controller 75continues back to step 410 until the parameter is enabled. If thecontroller 75 determines that the parameter is enabled at step 412, atimer is incremented (step 414), and the controller 75 determines if thepump is in sleep mode (step 416). If the pump is in sleep mode, thetimer is reset (step 418) and the controller 75 reverts back to step410. If the pump is not in sleep mode, the controller 75, at step 420,determines if the timer has been incremented above a certain number ofdays (e.g., as set by the number of days without sleep parameter 316).If the timer has not exceeded the set number of days, then thecontroller 75 proceeds back to step 410. If the timer has exceeded theset number of days, the motor is coasted to a stop and a “possible pipebreak” fault message is displayed (step 422), causing the drive 10 to bestopped (step 424).

FIG. 34 illustrates a dry run detection operation of the controller 75.During PID control (step 426), the controller 75 determines, at step428, if the frequency output to the motor is greater than a frequencypreset value (e.g., about 30 Hz). If so, a timer is reset (step 430) andthe controller 75 reverts back to step 426. If the frequency is underthe frequency preset value, the controller 75 then determines, at step432, if the pressure is greater than a pressure preset value (e.g.,about 10 PSI). If so, the timer is reset (step 430) and the controller75 reverts back to step 426. If the pressure is under 10 PSI, the timeris incremented (step 434) and the controller 75 determines if the timerhas reached 15 seconds (step 436). If not, the controller 75 revertsback to step 426. However, if the timer has reached 15 seconds, thecontroller 75 determines that a dry run has occurred and executes a dryrun fault operation (step 438). The preset value in step 428 can bechecked to ensure the motor 11 is operating at a normal operatingfrequency (e.g., above 30 Hz).

FIG. 35 illustrates a dry run fault operation of the controller 75. Thecontroller 75 can proceed to step 440 if step 438 of FIG. 34 wasreached. From step 440, the controller 75 can check if a reset countervalue is less than a set value (e.g., the value set under the number ofresets parameter 320 of FIG. 26) at step 442. If the reset counter isnot less than the set value, the controller 75 can update a fault log(step 444), coast the motor to a stop and display a “Dry Run” faultmessage (step 446), so that the drive 10 is stopped (step 448). If, atstep 442, the reset counter is less than the set value, the resetcounter is incremented (step 450) and the fault log is updated (step452). The controller 75 can then coast the motor to a stop and display a“Dry Run—Auto Restart Pending” fault message (step 454), then start afault timer (step 456), and continuously check if the user has pressedthe fault reset button 64 (step 458) or if a timer has exceeded a timevalue (step 460). The time value can be the auto reset delay parameter318 (shown in FIG. 26) set by the user. If the user presses the faultreset button 64, the controller 75 will proceed from step 458 to step462 and clear the fault message displayed, then stop the drive 10 (step448). If the timer exceeds the time value, the controller 75 willproceed from step 460 to step 464 and clear the fault message displayed,then restart the drive 10 in PID mode (step 466).

FIG. 36 illustrates a jam fault operation of the controller 75. When ajam has been detected (step 468), the fault log is updated (step 470).After step 470, the motor is coasted to a stop and a “Foreign ObjectJam” fault message is displayed (step 472), then the drive 10 is stopped(step 474).

FIG. 37 illustrates an overtemperature fault operation of the controller75. When the drive 10 is powered (step 476), the controller 75determines if the power module temperature is too high (step 478), forexample, using the overheat prevention operation in FIG. 30. If thepower module temperature is not too high, the fault is cleared (step480) and the controller 75 reverts back to step 476. If the power moduletemperature is too high, the fault log is updated (step 482), the motoris coasted to a stop and a “Drive Temp—Auto Restart Pending” faultmessage is displayed (step 484), and a fault timer is incremented (step486). The controller 75 then continuously determines if the user haspressed the fault reset button 64 (step 488) until the timer has beenincremented past a value (step 490). If the user has pressed the faultreset button 64 or if the timer has incremented past the value, thecontroller 75 proceeds from step 488 or step 490, respectively, to step492 to check if the fault condition is still present. If the faultcondition is still present, the controller 75 reverts back to step 486.If the fault condition is not present, the controller 75 clears thefault (step 480) and reverts back to step 476.

The motor 11 and pump 12 combination can satisfy typical performancerequirements as specified by the pump manufacturer while maintainingcurrent under service factor amps as specified for the motor 11.Performance can match that of a typical capacitor start/capacitor runcontrol box for each motor HP offering. If the motor 11 performs outsideof such specifications, the controller 75 can generate a fault and stopthe motor 11. For example, FIG. 38 illustrates an overcurrent faultoperation of the controller 75. When the drive 10 is powered (step 494),the controller 75 determines if there is a high current spike (step496), for example, using the overcurrent prevention operation of FIG.31. If there is no high current spike, the fault is cleared (step 498)and the controller 75 reverts back to step 494. If there a high currentspike, the fault log is updated (step 500), the motor is coasted to astop and a “Motor High Amps—Auto Restart Pending” fault message isdisplayed (step 502), and a fault timer is incremented (step 504). Thecontroller 75 then continuously determines if the user has pressed thefault reset button 64 (step 506) until the timer has been incrementedpast a value (step 508). If the user has pressed the fault reset button64 or if the timer has incremented past the value, the controller 75proceeds from step 506 or step 508, respectively, to step 510 to checkif the fault condition is still present. If the fault condition is stillpresent, the controller 75 reverts back to step 504. If the faultcondition is not present, the controller 75 clears the fault (step 498)and reverts back to step 494.

FIG. 39 illustrates an overvoltage fault operation of the controller 75.When the drive 10 is powered (step 512), the controller 75 determines ifa maximum bus voltage has been exceeded (step 514). If the bus voltagehas not exceeded the maximum value, the fault is cleared (step 516) andthe controller 75 reverts back to step 512. If the bus voltage hasexceeded the maximum value, the fault log is updated (step 518), themotor is coasted to a stop and an “Over Voltage—Auto Restart Pending”fault message is displayed (step 520), and a fault timer is incremented(step 522). The controller 75 then continuously determines if the userhas pressed the fault reset button 64 (step 524) until the timer hasbeen incremented past a value (step 526). If the user has pressed thefault reset button 64 or if the timer has incremented past the value,the controller 75 proceeds from step 524 or step 526, respectively, tostep 528 to check if the fault condition is still present. If the faultcondition is still present, the controller 75 reverts back to step 522.If the fault condition is not present, the controller 75 clears thefault (step 516) and reverts back to step 512.

FIG. 40 illustrates an internal fault operation of the controller 75.When the drive 10 is powered (step 530), the controller 75 determines ifany internal voltages are out of range (step 532). If the internalvoltages are not out of range, the fault is cleared (step 534) and thecontroller 75 reverts back to step 530. If the internal voltages are outof range, the fault log is updated (step 536), the motor is coasted to astop and an “Internal Fault—Auto Restart Pending” fault message isdisplayed (step 538), and a fault timer is incremented (step 540). Thecontroller 75 then continuously determines if the user has pressed thefault reset button 64 (step 542) until the timer has been incrementedpast a value (step 544). If the user has pressed the fault reset button64 or if the timer has incremented past the value, the controller 75proceeds from step 542 or step 544, respectively, to step 546 to checkif the fault condition is still present. If the fault condition is stillpresent, the controller 75 reverts back to step 540. If the faultcondition is not present, the controller 75 clears the fault (step 534)and reverts back to step 530.

FIG. 41 illustrates a ground fault operation of the controller 75. Whenthe drive 10 is powered (step 548), the controller 75 continuouslydetermines if there is current flow between an earth, or ground, leadand any motor lead (step 550). If so, the fault log is updated (step552), the motor is coasted to a stop and a “Ground Fault” fault messageis displayed (step 554), and the drive 10 is stopped (step 556).

FIG. 42 illustrates an open transducer fault operation of the controller75. While in PID mode (step 558), the controller 75 determines if acurrent measured at the transducer input is less than a value, such as 2milliamps (step 560). If the current is not less than the value, thecontroller 75 reverts back to step 558. If the current is less than thevalue, the fault log is updated (step 562), the motor is coasted to astop and an “Open Transducer—Auto Restart Pending” fault message isdisplayed (step 564), and a fault timer is incremented (step 566). Thecontroller 75 then continuously determines if the user has pressed thefault reset button 64 (step 568) until the timer has been incrementedpast a value (step 570). If the user has pressed the fault reset button64 or if the timer has incremented past the value, the controller 75proceeds from step 568 or step 570, respectively, to step 572 to checkif the fault condition is still present. If the fault condition is stillpresent, the controller 75 reverts back to step 566. If the faultcondition is not present, the controller 75 reverts back to step 558.

FIG. 43 illustrates a shorted transducer fault operation of thecontroller 75. While in PID mode (step 574), the controller 75determines if a current measured at the transducer input is greater thana value, such as 25 milliamps (step 576). If the current is not greaterthan the value, the controller 75 reverts back to step 574. If thecurrent is greater than the value, the fault log is updated (step 578),the motor is coasted to a stop and a “Shorted Transducer—Auto RestartPending” fault message is displayed (step 580), and a fault timer isincremented (step 582). The controller 75 then continuously determinesif the user has pressed the fault reset button 64 (step 586) until thetimer has been incremented past a value (step 588). If the user haspressed the fault reset button 64 or if the timer has incremented pastthe value, the controller 75 proceeds from step 586 or step 588,respectively, to step 590 to check if the fault condition is stillpresent. If the fault condition is still present, the controller 75reverts back to step 582. If the fault condition is not present, thecontroller 75 reverts back to step 574.

FIGS. 44A-44B illustrate a multiple faults operation of the controller75. Referring to FIG. 44A, when the drive 10 is powered (step 592), thecontroller 75 continuously determines if a fault has occurred (step594). If a fault has a occurred, a counter is incremented (step 596) andthe controller 75 determines if the counter has reached a value, such asten (step 598). If the counter has reached the value, the motor iscoasted to a stop and a “Multiple Faults” fault message is displayed(step 600), and the drive 10 is stopped (step 602). The steps of FIG.44B serve to provide a time frame for which the counter can reach thevalue. When the drive 10 is powered (step 592), the controller 75continuously determines if the counter (i.e., the counter in step 596 ofFIG. 44A) has been incremented (step 604). If so, a timer is incremented(step 606). The controller 75 continues to increment the timer as longas the counter is above zero until the timer reaches a value, such asthirty minutes (step 608). Once the timer has reached the value, thecounter is decremented and the timer is reset (step 610).

FIG. 45 illustrates an undervoltage fault operation of the controller75. When the drive 10 is powered (step 612), the controller 75determines if the bus voltage is below a minimum value (step 614). Ifthe bus voltage is not below the minimum value, the fault is cleared(step 616) and the controller 75 reverts back to step 612. If the busvoltage is below the minimum value, the fault log is updated (step 618),the motor is coasted to a stop and an “Under Voltage—Auto RestartPending” fault message is displayed (step 620), the fault log is savedin memory, such as the device's electrically erasable programmableread-only memory, or EEPROM (step 622) and a fault timer is incremented(step 624). The controller 75 then continuously determines if the userhas pressed the fault reset button 64 (step 626) until the timer hasbeen incremented past a value (step 628). If the user has pressed thefault reset button 64 or if the timer has incremented past the value,the controller 75 proceeds from step 626 or step 628, respectively, tostep 630 to check if the fault condition is still present. If the faultcondition is still present, the controller 75 reverts back to step 624.If the fault condition is not present, the controller 75 clears thefault (step 616) and reverts back to step 612.

FIG. 46 illustrates a hardware fault operation of the controller 75.When the controller 75 recognizes a hardware error (step 632), the faultlog is updated (step 634). After step 634, the motor is coasted to astop and a “Hardware Error” fault message is displayed (step 636), thenthe drive 10 is stopped (step 638).

FIG. 47 illustrates an external fault operation of the controller 75.When the drive 10 is powered (step 640), the controller 75 continuouslydetermines if an external fault parameter is present, for example, froma relay input at the input power terminal block 28 or the digitalinput/output (I/O) spring terminals 30 (step 642). If so, the controller75 determines if a digital input is high (step 644). If the digitalinput is not high, the controller 75 determines if the external fault isactive (step 646). If the external fault is not active, the controller75 reverts back to step 640. If the external fault is active, thecontroller 75 clears an “external fault” fault message (if it is beingdisplayed) at step 648 and the device's previous state and operation arerestored (step 650). If, at step 644, the digital input is high, thefault log is updated (step 652) and the device's current state andoperation are saved (step 654). Following step 654, the motor is coastedto a stop and a “External Fault” fault message is displayed (step 656),then the drive 10 is stopped (step 658).

FIGS. 48-63 are flow charts describing control operations for thecontrol pad 14 according to some embodiments of the invention. FIG. 48illustrates a pump-out button control operation, according to someembodiments. When the pump-out button 40 is pressed (step 660), thecontroller 75 first determines if the control pad 14 is locked, or inthe password protection mode (step 662). If so, the controller 75executes a keys locked error operation (step 664). If not, a valvescreen 666 is displayed (step 668) asking the user if a valve is open.Once the user chooses if the valve is open or not and presses enter, avalve parameter value is changed (step 670). The controller 75 thendetermines, at step 672, if the valve parameter value is yes (i.e., ifthe valve is open). If the valve parameter is not yes (i.e., if the userselected that the valve was not open), a stopped screen is displayed(step 674), indicating that the pump 12 is stopped. If the valveparameter is yes, the controller 75 sets LED indicators 66 on or offaccordingly (step 676), displays a status screen 678 (step 680), andruns the pump out operation to drive the motor 11 in the pump out mode(step 682). The status screen 678 can include information about the pump12, such as motor frequency, pressure, and motor current during the pumpout mode.

FIG. 49 illustrates a pressure preset button control operation,according to some embodiments. When the pressure preset button 42 ispressed (step 684), the controller 75 first determines if the controlpad 14 is locked (step 686). If so, the controller 75 executes a keyslocked error operation (step 688). If the control pad 14 is not locked,the controller 75 sets the LED indicators 66 on or off accordingly (step690) and a preset pressure parameter is displayed (step 692). The usercan adjust the displayed pressure parameter using the keypad and hitenter to change the value of the preset pressure parameter, changing thepressure set point for the controller 75 (step 694).

FIG. 50 illustrates a main menu button control operation, according tosome embodiments. When the main menu button 44 is pressed (step 696),the controller 75 first determines if the control pad 14 is locked (step698). If so, the controller 75 executes a keys locked error operation(step 700). If the control pad 14 is not locked, the controller 75 setsthe LED indicators 66 on or off accordingly (step 702) and the mainmenu, as described with respect to FIG. 16, is displayed (step 704).

FIG. 51 illustrates a fault log button control operation, according tosome embodiments. When the fault log button 46 is pressed (step 706),the controller 75 sets the LED indicators 66 on or off accordingly (step708) and the fault log is displayed, detailing fault history informationto the user (step 710).

FIG. 52 illustrates an enter button control operation, according to someembodiments. When the enter button 56 is pressed (step 712), thecontroller 75 first determines if the fault log is active (e.g., beingdisplayed) at step 714 or if the stopped status screen is beingdisplayed (step 716). If either step 714 or step 716 is true, thecontroller 75 executes an invalid key error operation (step 718). Ifneither the fault log or stopped status screen are being displayed, thecontroller 75 determines if the control pad 14 is locked (step 720). Ifso, the controller 75 executes a keys locked error operation (step 722).If the control pad 14 is not locked, the controller 75 determines if thedisplay currently selecting a menu option or a parameter (step 724). Ifthe display is currently selecting a menu option, the controller 75 willenter the selected menu (step 726). If the display is currentlyselecting a parameter option, the controller 75 determines if theparameter is highlighted (step 728). If the parameter is highlighted,the controller 75 saves the value of the selected parameter and cancelsthe highlighting of the parameter (step 730). If, at step 728, theparameter is not highlighted, the controller 75 determines if theparameter can be changed with the motor is running and the drive 10 isstopped (step 732). If not, a running error operation is executed (step734). If the parameter may be changed, then the selected parameter ishighlighted (step 736).

FIG. 53 illustrates a back button control operation, according to someembodiments. When the back button 54 is pressed (step 738), thecontroller 75 determines if a status screen is being displayed (step740). If so, an invalid key error operation is executed (step 742). If astatus screen is not being displayed, the controller 75 determines if aline in the display is highlighted (step 744). If so, the new value onthe highlighted line is cancelled and the highlighting is cancelled aswell (step 746). If, at step 744, there is no highlighted line, theparent, or previous, menu is displayed (step 748).

FIG. 54 illustrates an up/down button control operation, according tosome embodiments. When either the up or down directional button 52 ispressed (step 750), the controller 75 determines if a line in thedisplay is highlighted (step 752). If so, the controller 75 thendetermines if the auto line fill operation is being executed (step 754).If so, the controller 75 proceeds to the manual line fill operation(step 756), as described with reference to FIG. 9, then scrolls toanother value in the display (step 758). If the controller 75 determinesthat the auto line fill operation is not being executed at step 754, thecontroller 75 proceeds to step 758 and scrolls to another value in thedisplay. If, at step 752, the controller 75 determines that no line ishighlighted, the controller 75 then determines if a menu in the displaycan be scrolled (step 760). If so, the menu is scrolled (step 762). Ifnot, an invalid key error operation is executed (step 764).

FIG. 55 illustrates a left/right button control operation, according tosome embodiments. When either the left or right directional button 52 ispressed (step 766), the controller 75 determines if a line in thedisplay is highlighted (step 768). If not, an invalid key erroroperation is executed (step 770). If, at step 768, the controller 75determines that the line is highlighted, the controller 75 thendetermines if a curser in the display can be moved (step 772). If so,the curser is moved (step 774). If not, an invalid key error operationis executed (step 776).

FIG. 56 illustrates a password button control operation, according tosome embodiments. When the password button 48 is pressed (step 778), thecontroller 75 first determines if the control pad 14 is locked (step780). If not, a status screen is displayed (step 782). If the controlpad 14 is locked, the controller 75 sets the LED indicators 66 on or offaccordingly (step 784) and executes a keys locked error operation (step786). If a user then enters a password (step 788), the controller 75determines if the password is correct (step 790). If the password iscorrect, any lockable keys are unlocked (step 792) and the status screenis displayed (step 794). If the password is incorrect, an invalidpassword error operation is executed (step 796), then the status screenis displayed (step 794). In some embodiments, the lockable keys caninclude the directional buttons 52, the language button 50, the pump-outbutton 40, the pressure preset button 42, and/or the main menu button44.

FIG. 57 illustrates a language button control operation, according tosome embodiments. When the language button 50 is pressed (step 796), thecontroller 75 first determines if the control pad 14 is locked (step798). If so, the controller 75 executes a keys locked error operation(step 800). If the control pad 14 is not locked, the controller 75 setsthe LED indicators 66 on or off accordingly (step 802) and a languageparameter is displayed (step 804). The user can change the displayedlanguage using the keypad and hit enter to update the language parameter(step 806).

FIG. 58 illustrates a status button control operation, according to someembodiments. When the status button 58 is pressed (step 808), thecontroller 75 sets the LED indicators 66 on or off accordingly (step810) and determines if a current status screen is being displayed (step812). If not, the current status screen 814 or 816 is displayed (step818). If the controller 75, at step 812, determines that the currentstatus screen is being displayed, the currents status screen is clearedand a power status screen 820 or 822 is displayed (step 824).

FIG. 59 illustrates a stop button control operation, according to someembodiments. When the stop button 60 is pressed (step 826), thecontroller 75 sets the LED indicators 66 on or off accordingly (step828) and a stopped status screen 830 is displayed (step 832). Thecontroller 75 then stops the drive 10 (step 834), as described withreference to FIG. 10.

FIG. 60 illustrates an automatic start button control operation,according to some embodiments. When the automatic start button 62 ispressed (step 836), the controller 75 sets the LED indicators 66 on oroff accordingly (step 838) and a status screen 840 is displayed (step842). The controller 75 then runs the automatic line fill operation(step 844), as described with reference to FIG. 8.

FIG. 61 illustrates a fault reset button control operation, according tosome embodiments. When the fault reset button 64 is pressed (step 846),the controller 75 determines if there is an active fault (step 848). Ifnot, the controller 75 executes an invalid key error operation (step850). If there is an active fault, the controller 75 determines if thefault condition is still present (step 852). If so, the controller 75stops the drive 10 (step 854), as described with reference to FIG. 10.If not, the controller 75 first clears the fault (step 856), then stopsthe drive 10 (step 854).

FIGS. 62A-62D illustrate LED indicator control operations, according tosome embodiments. As shown in FIG. 62A, if a fault is active and arestart is pending (step 856), the Fault LED 72 blinks (step 858), and a“Restart Pending” message is displayed (step 860). As shown in FIG. 62B,if a fault is active and the drive 10 is stopped (step 862), the FaultLED 72 blinks (step 864), and a “Drive Stopped” message is displayed(step 866). As shown in FIG. 62C, if a TPM is active and the drive 10 isstill running (step 868), the Warning LED 70 is lit (step 870), and amessage is displayed describing the warning (step 872). As shown in FIG.62D, when the drive 10 is powered up (step 874), the ON LED 68 is lit(step 876).

FIGS. 63A-63D illustrate error display control operations, according tosome embodiments. As shown in FIG. 63A, for the invalid key erroroperation (step 878), a “Key Error! Invalid Key!” error screen can bedisplayed (step 880). The controller 75 can display the error screen fora time period, such as 0.9 seconds (step 882), then return the displayto the previous screen (step 884). As shown in FIG. 63B, for the keyslocked error operation (step 886), an “Error! Press Password Key” errorscreen can be displayed (step 888). The controller 75 can display theerror screen for a time period, such as 0.9 seconds (step 890), thenreturn the display to the previous screen (step 892). As shown in FIG.63C, for the invalid password error operation (step 894), an “Error!Invalid Password!” error screen can be displayed (step 896). Thecontroller 75 can display the error screen for a time period, such as0.9 seconds (step 898), then return the display to the previous screen(step 900). As shown in FIG. 63D, for the running error operation (step902), an “Error! Stop before editing” error screen can be displayed(step 904). The controller 75 can display the error screen for a timeperiod, such as 0.9 seconds (step 906), then return the display to theprevious screen (step 908).

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while theinvention has been described above in connection with particularembodiments and examples, the invention is not necessarily so limited,and that numerous other embodiments, examples, uses, modifications anddepartures from the embodiments, examples and uses are intended to beencompassed by the claims attached hereto. The entire disclosure of eachpatent and publication cited herein is incorporated by reference, as ifeach such patent or publication were individually incorporated byreference herein. Various features and advantages of the invention areset forth in the following claims.

1. A method of controlling a pump driven by a motor, the motor beingconnected to ground, a drive connected to the motor, the methodcomprising: sensing a current between the drive, the motor, and ground;determining whether there has been a loss of current indicating a groundfault; simultaneously operating an electromagnetic interference filterwhile sensing the current and determining whether there has been a lossof current; and removing power from the drive and the motorsubstantially immediately when there has been a loss of current.
 2. Themethod of claim 1 and further comprising reducing electrical noisegenerated by the motor simultaneously providing protection againstshock.
 3. The method of claim 1 and further comprising operating theelectromagnetic interference filter in order to help prevent noiseinterference with AM radio.
 4. A method of controlling a pump driven bya motor, the pump and the motor installed in a well, the motor connectedto a drive, the method comprising: connecting the drive to apreviously-installed motor in order to retrofit the motor; determiningwhether the motor is a two-wire, single-phase motor or a three-wire,single-phase motor; connecting the drive to the three-wire, single-phasemotor; and generating with the drive a first waveform and a secondwaveform, the second waveform having a phase angle of about 90 degreesoffset from the first waveform in order to control the three-wire,single-phase motor.
 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the two-wire,single phase motor is a permanent split capacitor motor.
 6. The methodof claim 4 wherein the drive can be used to control either a two-wire,single-phase motor or a three-wire, single-phase motor.
 7. The method ofclaim 4 and further comprising automatically setting a minimum frequencyand a maximum frequency for the three-wire, single-phase motor.
 8. Amethod of installing a drive for a motor that drives a pump, the pump incommunication with a fluid system, the drive including a control pad,the drive being connected to the motor by an installer, the methodcomprising: entering a service factor current value using the controlpad; selecting one of a two-wire, single-phase motor; a three-wire,single-phase motor; and a three-phase motor; entering a current timeusing the control pad; entering a current date using the control pad;and engaging one of a pump-out button and an automatic start button onthe control pad.
 9. The method of claim 8 and further comprisinginstalling a first type of drive for either one of a two-wire,single-phase motor and a three-wire, single-phase motor.
 10. The methodof claim 8 and further comprising installing a second type of drive forthe three-phase motor.